Constructing A Data Center Near Internet Backbone: The Phoenix Metro market has gradually become a major factor in the world of data center development in the United States.
According to CBRE’s most recent North America Data Center Report, Phoenix was the second-most active market in the United States, ahead of long-time primary markets like Silicon Valley, Dallas/Fort Worth, Chicago and Atlanta.
Most of that data center activity has been occurring in the far reaches of the Valley, in areas like Goodyear and far east Mesa. Large-scale data center developments like EdgeCore in east Mesa and Stream Data Center and Compass Data Centers in Goodyear get much of the attention.
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Also, Microsoft is building on all three of its sites in the West Valley and Google is getting permits for its site in that submarket as well.
There is a new, large data center development that is just getting underway. QTS Data Centers, which is a branch of QTS Realty Trust, Inc., is just beginning work on its second Phoenix location. QTS has been approved for 2 million square feet of data center product on an 80-acre site.
Based on recent trends, it would be easy to assume that this new facility was being built in Goodyear or West Phoenix or Far East Mesa, but this new facility is a rare infill project. The new QTS facility, which is being built by DPR Construction, is located along McDowell Rd., between 37th and 40th streets in Phoenix, just north of the Loop 202.
“The reason that site was attractive to QTS was because of its location,” said Mark Bauer, managing director at JLL and the national director of JLL’s Data Center Solutions Group. “That is where a lot of the fiber optic connectivity is located and it’s close to the airport. There are challenges, but where do you find 80 to 100 acres in an infill site?”
Bauer worked with QTS to land this property at auction three years ago. He said that it was rare for a day to go by without a multifamily broker contacting him about that piece of property.
“QTS has a huge platform, and they are in several big markets and have made their commitment to the Phoenix market and they are in discussions with several of their customers for the building in Phoenix,” Bauer said. “They are very optimistic that they will be going vertical by the end of the year.”
QTS is working with SRP on locating a power substation on the property, which will provide the facility with enough power to operate two data center buildings. Earth work began on the property in early 2020.
Finding an infill site this large for a data center, with all of the power and connectivity that they require, is quite rare.
“It is a unique project, unique location and hard to replicate,” said Bauer. “I’ve worked with several other developers who are not in this market but want to be and we have looked for sites that are similar to that and they are very hard to find. And if there is a site of that size available, then there are challenges with it that make it riskier.”
The risk in locating a facility in an infill location is being able to secure enough power to operate a data center, which uses in excess of 100MW at a typical location.
If there is not a power source nearby, a data center developer would have to run heavy power lines from the closest substation to the facility, which can be very expensive, especially in an infill location near the airport, like the QTS facility.
“It’s challenging, it’s time-consuming and there’s no guarantee because you’re dealing with the airport and the FAA and they don’t move fast and typically they are going to require underground delivery of power,” said Bauer. “When you look at underground heavy power lines, those are very costly.
The cost is ten-fold from going above-ground. The big draw to the markets like Goodyear and Mesa is the easy access to heavy power.”
“The way most cities evolve is that the connectivity is always in the center of the city, and then power is always on the outskirts,” said Ian McClarty, president of phoenixNAP, which operates a data center location at 32nd St. and University in Phoenix.
“You try to find a balance, and sometimes you get lucky and you find some areas that have access to power and they also have access to some fiber.”
McClarty and phoenixNAP built their data center in 2010, so he has seen the growth of the data center market in Phoenix and its steady migration out to the suburbs. When McClarty and phoenixNAP were working on developing their facility, they made sure they had secured enough access to power to support future growth.
“What we did when we first built our facility, we actually had requested additional power draws from the utility companies,” McClarty said. “We had some special concessions that we were able to tap into and secured access to power for any future builds.
So at some point in time, when I have to build a second facility, it will be near this facility in an infill location, because I’ll be able to run a lot of fiber line between the facilities and I have enough power to be able to build another facility.”
For infill locations, access to power and the lack of available lots are two challenges when data center operators are comparing them to locations in the exterior of the market.
Utility companies like APS and SRP have been very active in building new substations in the suburban markets, both to power new data centers and other commercial development, but also that is where the majority of new single-family housing is being built.
One major advantage that infill locations have is connectivity. In the center of the Valley, there are more fiber optic cables that are the spine of the internet. Think of these cables as rivers that carry the information that flows globally on the internet or between servers in various locations around the world.
Telecommunication companies install these fiber optic cables and will have Point of Presence equipment located in data centers, to serve as a main connection points for customers sending information through their system.
A facility like phoenixNAP, which is located in the heart of the city, has dozens of these telecommunications companies with equipment and fiber optic cable running directly into the facility. McClarty said the goal of phoenixNAP was to be the most connected facilities in the market, something he could accomplish in his central location.
“Our goal as a company was to build the most inter-connected facility in the metro region. Period,” McClarty said. “That was our goal and we’ve done a great job of adding unique, distinct providers that are not offered anywhere else in the metro region.
We have all of these cool, international providers that are only offered in our facility and all of the other facilities have to inter-connect back to us to be able to get access into those carriers.”
A faster, denser fiber network lowers latency, a crucial factor for applications such as the Internet of Things, 5G wireless networks and self-driving vehicles. With so many carriers in its facility, phoenixNAP is an attractive location for companies that want fast connections to other markets, like California, without paying higher West Coast prices.
Compare the number of provider companies with a presence at the phoenixNAP facility to the number at the CyrusOne Chandler I facility. According to data from DataCenterHawk.com, the Chandler I facility has 11 providers with a presence in their facility, compared to phoenixNAP, which has more than 50.
“I go after people who are really focused on telecom connectivity and they might be a small deployment with us, they might only put a couple racks with us, but I love those customers,” said McClarty. “They want to be the closest to the connectivity hub and get really inexpensive options to connect back to the carriers.”
Many data centers do not need as much connectivity to serve their clients, which means a site further away from the center of the market makes sense, due to better access to power and greater availability to land. Also, in fast-growing areas like Goodyear, there are fewer hurdles to get over to get a building done.
“You have to be able to deploy space within 90 to 120 days, that’s why these developers continue to build and have space available,” Bauer said. “Twelve months is a key timeframe for these types of buildings. The key is, where can they buy and be under construction and deliver within 12 months? Most often, that’s in areas like Goodyear or east Mesa.”
